How to Grow Tobacco

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For centuries, farmers and gardeners have grown tobacco for personal use and sale.Although the majority of tobacco today is grown and processed by large companies, you can grow your own with a little knowledge and a lot of patience.Growing tobacco is legal, but it can be quite a challenging process, so follow the advice in this article to learn how.
Part 1
Part 1 of 4:

Know Soil Conditions and Climate

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  1. Step 1 Sappi che il tabacco in foglia cresce in quasi ogni tipo di terreno.
    It is an extremely resistant plant and grows more or less everywhere, like other agricultural crops, although, as a general rule, it develops best in well-draining soil.The important thing to keep in mind is that tobacco is greatly affected by the soil in which it is grown;sandier soils generally produce a lighter colored tobacco, while soils richer in organic matter produce a darker colored tobacco.
  2. Step 2 Per ottenere i migliori risultati, coltivalo in un clima secco e caldo.
    Tobacco needs a frost-free period of 3-4 months between the transplanting stage and harvest.To obtain a better quality product it should ripen without heavy rain;excess water makes plants thin and scaly.The ideal temperature for optimal cultivation is between 20 and 30 °C.
Part 2
Part 2 of 4:

Planting and Transplanting Tobacco

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  1. Step 1 Diffondi i semi del tabacco sulla superficie di una miscela di terreno di semina sterilizzato e innaffia leggermente.
    Place the mixture in a small pot, preferably with holes in the bottom to allow water to drain.You need to keep these seeds indoors for 4-6 weeks.
    • The planting medium is made up of compost and other nutrients that promote healthy seed growth.You can easily find it in gardening stores.
    • Tobacco seeds are very small (no bigger than a pinhead), so be sure not to sow them too close together.Leave adequate space between them to prevent seedlings from growing too close together.
    • Since the seeds are so small, it is not a good idea to start sowing seeds outdoors.Furthermore, they have nutritional needs different from those of many other plants;keeping them indoors you can add a little gravel or a fertilizer specific for tobacco in the early stages of growth.
    • Seeds require mild temperatures ranging from 24 to 27°C to germinate properly.If you are not growing them in a greenhouse, make sure the covered area meets these requirements.
    • Do not cover them with soil because they need light to complete germination;if you cover them you could slow down and even prevent their development.Shoots should start to appear in 7-10 days.
  2. Step 2 Innaffia spesso il terreno per mantenerlo umido, ma non inzupparlo.
    You should never leave the soil completely dry.
    • Use extreme caution when watering, as the force of the water may uproot delicate sprouting seedlings and cause them to die.
    • If you can, wet them from below.If you used a vase with holes in the bottom, place it over a pan of water.Leave it there for a few minutes, so that the water is absorbed into the soil through the holes.This way you can water the plants without wetting the leaves.
  3. Step 3 Trapiantale in un vaso più grande dopo 3 settimane.
    After this time the young plants should be large enough to transplant if you have cared for and watered them correctly.
    • Transferring to a larger container allows the seedlings to develop a strong, healthy root system.
    • To understand if they have reached the correct size, try holding them.If you can easily pinch them between your thumb and forefinger, it means they are ready for transplanting.If they are still too small, complete the germination process until they reach the right size.
    • Transferring bare-root (no soil) seedlings directly from the pot to the garden is an easier method of transplanting and you will only have to do it once.However, be aware that once planted in the ground, the bare-rooted plant may suffer from "transplant shock", as a result of which some or most of the larger leaves may turn yellow and wilt.After a week, the plant starts to flower again, but if you completely avoid the trauma of transplanting you can save yourself an extra week of waiting, since the intermediate transfer to a large pot allows the tobacco to start growing immediately.
  4. Step 4 Spruzza una soluzione fertilizzante come Miracle-Gro o un'emulsione di alghe/pesce.
    This should be enough to feed the plants until you can move them into the soil, about 3-4 weeks later.
    • If you notice that the plants are starting to turn yellow or look distressed, another dose of fertilizer may be needed.Don't overdo it, however, because excessive use of fertilizer in pots can burn the roots or make the plants spindly or even excessively lush.
  5. Step 5 Prepara il terreno per trapiantare le piante più grandi.
    Make sure the area you choose is constantly exposed to the sun, well-draining and plowed.
    • Lack of sun leads to spindly plants, poor growth and small leaves.This may not be a problem if you want to plant tobacco to make cigars, as by growing tobacco in shade you can obtain leaves with desirable characteristics.
    • It is also appropriate test pH levels of the land.Tobacco plants grow well in moderately acidic soil, otherwise they will not flower.The soil should have a pH of 5.8.If the soil has a pH of 6.5 or higher, poor growth and some disturbances in plant development may occur.
    • Do not grow tobacco in soil infested with diseases and nematodes.Roundworms are parasitic worms that feed on tobacco and are extremely difficult to exterminate once an infestation has occurred.
  6. Step 6 Trasferisci le piante nel terreno quando i germogli hanno raggiunto 15-20 cm di lunghezza.
    Space the plants at least 60-90 cm apart on the same row, leaving a space between rows of 1-1.2 m.
    • Tobacco plants are "voracious", meaning they deplete nutrients in the soil in about 2 years.To counteract this, practice crop rotation every two years in your land, growing plants in a different location and waiting another year before moving them back to their original location.
    • Rather than keeping an empty field, you can alternate growing tobacco with other crops that are not susceptible to common soil pests, such as corn or soybeans.
Part 3
Part 3 of 4:

Taking Care of Your Tobacco

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  1. Step 1 Irriga le piante accuratamente ogni sera per un paio di giorni, per permettere alle radici di stabilizzarsi.
    As they become firmer you can water them less frequently to avoid overwatering them.
    • Keep the plants well watered without over-soaking the soil.If there is a possibility that the field could dry out, consider install an irrigation system.This prevents the soil from becoming excessively dry, which could hinder the growth of the tobacco.
    • If you think it might rain or even light drizzle for a few days, you can water less frequently.The structure of the leaves of this plant allows it to collect and convey water to the roots.
  2. Step 2 Applica un fertilizzante a basso contenuto di cloro e con il solo azoto in forma nitrica.
    Fertilizers that are used for tomatoes, peppers and potatoes are also suitable.
    • An overdose of fertilizer is a serious problem, as it can cause a harmful buildup of salts.How much to apply depends mainly on the quality of the fertilizer itself, the natural fertility of the soil, the loss of nutrients due to run-off and other subjective factors.Follow the instructions on the packaging for best use of the product.
    • You should apply the fertilizer several times.However, once the tobacco begins to flower, this should no longer be necessary.
  3. Step 3 Togli la parte apicale della pianta appena inizia a fiorire.
    You need to remove the bud (center) to allow the upper leaves to develop if you want bigger, thicker leaves.
    • The terminal bud is the most prominent and is usually found at the top of the stem.It can be removed by simply breaking or cutting it, and it is best to do this before the flowers open.
    • Soon after removing the top, more shoots develop on the side leaves.Remove them manually, otherwise you will reduce the yield and quality of the tobacco.
  4. Step 4 Zappa delicatamente intorno alle piante per evitare che crescano delle erbacce.
    You can also raise soil around the base of the plants to try to strengthen their growth.
    • The roots grow rapidly and the root system becomes quite large, with thousands of small, thin, hair-like branches growing close to the soil surface.Be careful when plowing or hoeing, because if you go too deep into the soil you could damage them.
    • After 3-4 weeks after planting, you should avoid heavy plowing and stick to light weeding to keep weeds away.
  5. Step 5 Spruzza le piante con pesticidi specifici adatti per il tabacco, se noti dei parassiti o della marcescenza.
    Among the most common parasites are the tobacco anobium and the whitefly, as well as various pathogens.
    • Tobacco is subject to infestations by many insects and various diseases.The field rotation process should help reduce the risk, but is not a guarantee.
    • If you still experience an infestation of your planting, you can find specific pesticides at many garden and home improvement stores.Brands include "Nemacur", the "Most Micro" and "Admiral".Keep in mind that some pesticides are specifically designed to control insects on young plants, while others simply kill the pest.Find the pesticide best suited to your specific situation.
Part 4
Part 4 of 4:

Harvest and Maturing

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  1. Step 1 Taglia le piante di tabacco all'altezza del gambo con le foglie attaccate.
    Alternatively, you can remove leaves directly in the field.Plants should be ready for harvest about 3 months after planting.
    • The stems should be cut approximately 3-4 weeks after the core removal operation.The lower leaves at this time are partially deteriorated.If you remove the leaves directly in the field, you should organize 4 or 5 harvesting moments at intervals of 1-2 weeks, starting with the lowest leaves.It is advisable that the first one begins immediately after the removal of the central tip and when the leaves show a slight yellowing.
    • The flowers inhibit the growth of the leaves as they compete with them for sunlight;it is important to remove them to obtain a larger production of leaves.
    • Be sure to keep the leaves intact, as they will hang during the curing process.This is a necessary phase because it prepares them for consumption;the process allows the leaves to develop various compounds that impart an aromatic flavor of hay, tea, rose oil or fruit.Curing also contributes to the "smoothness" of the tobacco when consumed.
  2. Step 2 Appendi le foglie in un luogo ben ventilato, caldo e umido.
    The recommended temperature for maturing varies from 18 to 35 °C, while the optimal humidity is around 65-70%.
    • Make sure there is adequate space between the stems to allow the leaves to dry properly.
    • Proper curing typically takes a couple of weeks to produce good quality tobacco.If it's too fast, the tobacco will stay green and probably won't have a good aroma or flavor.Leaves that dry too slowly can develop mold or deteriorate;Be sure to monitor the leaves carefully for these signs and adjust the room temperature and humidity accordingly.
    • If curing is done with the leaves left on the stems, remove them when the process is finished.
    • The ideal is to find an environment that can be opened and closed, so as to control the degree of humidity and drying.Some “amateur” tobacco producers have built curing facilities and can sell them.
    • The process of curing tobacco in the air is mainly reserved for the leaves that are used for cigars.Tobacco can be dried with fire, sun or can be smoked.Fire-drying tobacco typically takes 10-13 weeks and is done to produce pipe and chewing tobacco.Curing by sun or smoking is done for cigarettes.
  3. Step 3 Invecchia il tabacco in condizioni analoghe alla stagionatura.
    Commercial tobacco is typically aged for a year or more, but amateur tobacco can take up to 5-6 years.
    • Aging is not activated if the temperature and humidity are not correct.If the tobacco is too dry, it does not ripen;if it's too wet, it rots.Unfortunately there are no universally valid reference values ​​and both factors can vary widely, so experimentation will be necessary.
    • Check the leaves carefully as they age, to make sure they are moist but without signs of rot.This unfortunately is not an exact science and requires modifications along the way.
    • Aging is an optional process, but unaged tobacco is usually harsh and doesn't taste good.

Advice

  • Some people harvest several times during the season as the leaves reach the appropriate length.Experience will teach you to understand whether your plants should be harvested by the leaf or the stem.
  • The type and amount of fertilizer, frequency of watering, and pest control vary greatly depending on climate and location.Check local sources for tips on growing tobacco in your specific area.

Warnings

  • Tobacco pests are often different from those that attack other plants:make sure the remedies you use don't interfere with other crops.
  • Wait 4-5 years before growing more tobacco in the same field.This allows the soil to regenerate the necessary nutrients.

Things you will need

  • Tobacco seeds
  • Spade
  • Seeder
  • Plot of land
  • Fertilizer
  • Warm, dry and ventilated room
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