How to Build a Simple Electric Generator

https://www.wikihow.it/Costruire-un-Semplice-Generatore-Elettrico

07-08-2024 |
italia |
fai da te |
Cavo elettrico con un sottile strato di isolamento di calibro 30 |
Quattro magneti di ceramica di dimensioni 2,5x5x12 cm |
Chiodo spesso o perno |
Scatola di cartone |
Multimetro o dispositivo elettronico |

Electric generators are devices that use alternating magnetic fields to create current through a circuit.While large-scale ones are expensive and complex to build, you can build a small one quite easily.All you have to do is prepare a structure that supports the magnet and the cable, wind the latter to create a coil and connect it to an electrical device;finally, you need to glue the magnet to a rotating pin.The procedure described in the article is also perfect for teaching electromagnetic properties or as a science project.

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Building the Structure

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This material forms the frame and supports your modest generator.Use a ruler to measure a strip 3 inches wide and 12 inches long;cut it out with a pair of scissors or a cutter.Just fold this simple piece to make the structure.^{[1]
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2
Trace references. Use a ruler to measure the long edge of the strip and make a mark at 8 cm;the second mark should be at 11.5 cm and the third at 19.5 cm, while the last one must be at the 22.7 cm mark.^{[2]
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- By doing so, divide the strip into segments of 8 cm, one of 3.5 cm, another of 8 cm, one of 3.2 cm and a final one of 7.7 cm;be careful not to cut such segments.
In this way, the strip is transformed into a rectangular structure that will accommodate the components of the electric generator.^{[3]
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4
Thread the metal pin through the frame. Push it into the cardboard, so that it passes through all three segments that are folded in the center;with this trick, you make a hole in which to leave the metal pin (which you can replace with a large nail).^{[4]
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- The pin does not have to have any special features;any metal rod capable of entering the hole and passing through the structure is fine.The nail you used to make the hole is fine.
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Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Create the Circuit

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Make several loops around the cardboard frame using enamelled copper electrical wire (30 gauge).Wrap 60 m of electrical cable as tightly as possible, leaving 40-45 cm free on each end to connect the wire to a multimeter, a light bulb or the electronic device of your choice;the greater the number of turns, the greater the power generated.^{[5]
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Use a knife or wire strippers to remove the insulation layer;remove approximately 2-3 cm from each end of the electrical wire, so that you can connect it to the electrical device.^{[6]
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Join the stripped ends to a red LED, small light bulb, or other similar item;alternatively, you can decide to combine the generator with the probes of an alternating current voltmeter or a multimeter.Remember that you are going to generate a small voltage that cannot power large electronics (like a regular light bulb).^{[7]
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Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Position the Magnets

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1
Glue the magnets. Use high-tack hot glue or epoxy to attach four ceramic magnets to the metal pin;these must remain stationary with respect to the rod.Take care to proceed after inserting the nail into the cardboard structure.Allow the adhesive to dry for several minutes (you should read the exact times on the product packaging).^{[8]
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- For best results, opt for ceramic magnets measuring 2.5x5x12 cm (you can buy them online at a reasonable price).Glue them so that the north side of two magnets and the south side of the other two are facing the coil.
This way, you can make sure that the end of each magnet does not hit the inside of the structure.The elements must rotate freely, but as close as possible to the coils of the copper cable, to maximize the action of the magnetic field on the electrons of the coil.^{[9]
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3
Rotate the pin as quickly as possible. You can wrap some string around the end of the nail and pull it sharply to make the magnets spin;you can also just use your fingers.As the magnets rotate, they generate a small potential difference that allows them to light a 1.5 volt light bulb.^{[10]
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- You can increase the generator's output by placing a pinwheel on the end of the pin connected to a running fan;Remember, however, that this solution is for demonstration purposes only, as you are using more energy than you create.
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