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Oil giant Shell has won its appeal against a landmark climate ruling issued by a Dutch court in 2021.The court, following accusations made by the NGO Milieudefensie, had ordered the fossil multinational to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to 2019 levels.However, the appeals court ruled that although Shell has a “special responsibility” to reduce its emissions as a major oil company, such reduction cannot be imposed as a specific legal target. Three years ago, a verdict issued by a court in The Hague, the company's registered office, had sanctioned how Shell's sustainability policy - which had established a 20% reduction in emissions by 2030 - was not very "concrete".For this reason the company was required to comply with the provisions of the 2015 Paris Agreement, imposing a 45% reduction compared to 2019 emissions by 2030.The decision came following a complaint from the environmentalist association Milieudefensie, member of the internat...