How to Build a Papier-mâché Volcano

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Building a paper mache volcano is a fun and interactive project.The process consists of two main phases:the actual realization and the eruption!Papier-mâché is a mixture made with glue, water and flour that is applied to strips of newspaper and spread on a cardboard base to build a sturdy mountain.The rash is obtained thanks to the chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate and vinegar;in some cases Mentos sweets and Coca-Cola Light can also be used.
Part 1
Part 1 of 3:

Building the Base

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  1. Step 1 Crea la superficie di base.
    You can always make it with papier-mâché if you want, but it's worth starting with a ready-made platform.In fact, you can use almost anything, depending on the shape of the volcano you want to build.Paper products, in general, are cheap, disposable and quite sturdy.
    • An upside-down paper or plastic bowl provides a simple but solid base that allows you to make a low but functional volcano.
    • If you're making a taller, spikier volcano, attach the cardboard toilet paper tube to the top of the bowl.Then cover it with paper towels and painter's tape to give it a rough shape.The toilet paper roll tube allows you to have a ready-made mouth, or "crater," for your volcano.
    • If you need a larger base, you can place the main part of the volcano on a cardboard tray or plate;this detail will prove useful to contain the splashes of "lava" when the volcano "erupts".
  2. Step 2 Procurati una piccola bottiglia, alta circa 6 cm.
    This will become the crater of the volcano, the chamber where you will mix the baking soda and vinegar without causing any leaks.Make sure the bottle is made of waterproof material and can hold the vinegar without leaking.In theory, you should take a bottle with a relatively narrow neck, so that the lava flow is concentrated and does not disperse.
    • If you have decided to make a small volcano, use a tube for camera roll or a single-serving bottle of yogurt.If, however, you have opted for a large model, you can get a 360 ml plastic bottle, which can contain a larger quantity of reagents.
    • If you plan to use the volcano more than once or think you will need to replace the bottle, consider covering it with a plastic bag so that the papier-mâché doesn't stick to the surface.This small precaution will prove invaluable when, for example, you want to replace the crater with a new bottle of Coca-Cola Light to generate the eruption.[1]
  3. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    Make sure the opening is facing up so you can pour in the vinegar and baking soda.Try to fix the container in such a way as to make it stable and level, because it represents the heart of the volcano;it is therefore of fundamental importance that it is glued firmly to ensure resistance to the rest of the sculpture.
  4. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    If you've decided that your papier-mâché volcano will erupt, you also need to consider how to handle the foam generated by the vinegar and baking soda mixture.Therefore, you can build the model in a cardboard box (with one side open, but leaving a small edge at the bottom to stop the "lava") or on top of a thick cardboard base.The base and core of the volcano can be attached to the tray with glue or tape;alternatively, you can just place it on the protector every time you want it to erupt.[2]
    • It would be more appropriate to choose a food-grade plastic tray, a plywood panel or an old Frisbee.Place the volcano on a surface that is not valuable or irreplaceable.
    • You can also simply place the volcano in a spot where the vinegar and baking soda mixture can drip and drain easily — such as on the ground outside, in a sink, in a bathtub, or on a concrete patio.
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Part 2
Part 2 of 3:

Building the Volcano

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  1. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    This is the main compound of every paper mache project.There are several "recipes" you can follow, although the main ingredients remain water, flour and sometimes glue.Generally, the proportion of 1:6 between flour and water is respected;later, you can add 15-60 ml of glue to make the structure more solid, but it is not essential.
  2. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    Newspaper or kitchen paper is perfect for making papier-mâché.Both are very absorbent and are much more malleable than regular printer paper or cardstock, although the latter two materials are a viable alternative.Tear the paper into strips about 2-3cm wide and 15cm long.You don't need to be precise, just remember that short, wide pieces are easier to manipulate and allow for good coverage.
  3. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    Dip the strips into the sticky mixture and squeeze out the excess by running two fingers over the paper.Place the strip on the base of the volcano;the ideal is to place each fragment randomly.If you follow a consistent pattern, such as vertical or horizontal, eventually the volcano will have ugly raised ridges and even cracks when it dries.Continue rolling out the paper strips until the base is completely covered.
    • Have some old rags or cloths available to clean your hands.Paper mache can stick to your hands and make it difficult to perform other tasks.If you are helping children with construction, remember that they may wipe their hands on their own clothes, on the clothes of others, or on surrounding surfaces.[3]
  4. Step 4 Aspetta che il vulcano si asciughi fra uno strato e l'altro di cartapesta.
    If the first or subsequent coating is not dry before applying another one, the volcano will take a long time to dry completely once finished.The more layers you apply, the amount of mix you use, and the paint you spread, the more moisture gets trapped inside the volcano.All this could cause the construction to break down, collapse or fill with mold.Finally, the paint may not dry properly and cause external cracks.
  5. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    Once the base is completely dry, continue applying more strips of paper around the core of the volcano, until you reach the thickness you want.If you have no idea of ​​the final thickness, it is still worth covering the base with three layers of paper.To make the edges of the crater more rounded, wrap one end of a strip inside the cardboard tube and glue the other end to the outside wall of the volcano.
  6. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    The last papier-mâché covering must not form a smooth surface;for the volcano to have a realistic appearance it is much better that it is rippled!The first layers should be relatively smooth to ensure the structure is solid.The latter, however, has an aesthetic purpose and must be shaped accordingly.Glue each strip of paper to the volcano and then pinch it in the center.This will create ripples that will look like rocks.
  7. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    When the papier-mâché is dry, color the sculpture to make it look like a real volcano!Use acrylic paints to make your creation more realistic;Temperas and other types of paints are also good, but acrylics work best with paper mache.Gray and brown flecked with black give your sculpture the look of a rocky active volcano, while green is better suited for a dormant mountain covered mostly in grass.If you have good decorative skills, you can also add some red or yellow spots near the crater and along the slope, to represent the magma of an erupting volcano![4]
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Part 3
Part 3 of 3:

Unleash the Eruption

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  1. Step 1 Prepara il tuo vulcano per l'esplosione.
    The rash is nothing more than the result of the chemical reaction between two substances, usually baking soda and vinegar.You will need 250ml of vinegar and 60g of baking soda, although the exact dosage depends on the size of your model and crater.Alternatively, you can use Mentos sweets and Diet Coca-Cola to make your volcano explode in a creative way.In this case, you need 360 ml of drink and three sweets.[5]
  2. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    Use 60 ml of vinegar (or at most 250 ml) and 60 g of bicarbonate.You can decide to fill the crater with vinegar and then add bicarbonate of soda to trigger the reaction or put the powdered ingredient first and then the liquid.It is not necessary to use a specific brand of ingredients, although white vinegar offers better results.Consider adding a few drops of red food coloring or cherry jelly to give the mixture a more lava-like appearance.
    • If you pour the baking soda first and then the vinegar, 60 g of the powdered ingredient will fall into the bottom of the crater bottle.Be prepared to deal with any splashes that will form and, when you are ready for the eruption, pour 60 ml (or at most 250 ml) of vinegar over the baking soda.The volcano will explode, spewing foam over the edge of the crater, as if it were lava, which will then flow down the papier-mâché slope.
    • Alternatively, pour in the vinegar first and then the baking soda.Add up to 250ml of liquid into the crater, depending on the size of the bottle you used.Also drop food coloring or gelatin granules.When you're ready, pour all the baking soda into the liquid in one go and enjoy the eruption!
  3. Watermark wikiHow to Costruire un Vulcano in Cartapesta
    In theory, you should use an unopened soda bottle as a "magma chamber", although you may decide to pour some opened Coca-Cola into the crater just before the moment of the explosion.Whichever method you choose, make sure you have a full bottle of fizzy Coca-Cola Light in the center of the model.Drop all the candy into it as quickly as possible to get a powerful and constant eruption.
    • A trick that can help you with this operation is to drill a hole in the center of each Mentos and thread them through a string.When you're ready for the explosion, hold the rope with the three candies over the Coca-Cola bottle and let it fall.
    • Flavored versions of Coca-Cola Light, such as vanilla or cherry, do not react as well as the original drink, just as flavored Mentos do not generate the same effect as the classic mint ones.Respect tradition to have a perfect rash!
  4. Step 4 Pulisci.
    If any of the "lava" has fallen onto the floor, kitchen base, or other surfaces, wipe it away before it dries.This step is especially important if you have used soda, as it leaves a sticky residue once dry.Take a sponge and scrub all surfaces.If you want to use the volcano again, clean it before it gets soaked in foam or liquid.When the model is dry again, you can use it again!
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Advice

  • If you don't want to use the usual strips of newspaper, you can buy some plaster bandages, which will make the process much easier!
  • To make the grass even more realistic, use light and dark green paints.To improve the aesthetic appearance of the volcano, also color it gray and brown.
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Warnings

  • Remember to use PVA glue, otherwise the volcano won't work!
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Things you will need

  • Strips of newspaper, water, flour
  • Square card, paper cup and so on
  • Vinyl glue
  • Green, gray, brown and black paint
  • Bottle or small plastic container
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