How to Make a Gas Mask

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Whether you want to defend yourself from the apocalypse or from the tear gas used by the police, having your own personal gas mask allows you to be ready to face any air pollutants you may encounter.Although professional ones are much more reliable, even a homemade one can prove useful for initial protection;It's not effective against all contaminants, but it keeps your face and lungs safe in an emergency.
Part 1
Part 1 of 3:

Making a Gas Mask

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  1. Step 1 Impara la differenza fra contaminazione da gas e da particolato.
    Tear gas is actually a powder that is released into the air, whereas chemical weapons are gaseous substances.Although it is very difficult and expensive to protect yourself against the latter, you can easily create a homemade barrier against the particles.
    • Toxic ash from volcanoes, tear gas and dust are all particulate contaminants.
  2. Step 2 Taglia il fondo di una bottiglia di plastica trasparente da due litri.
    Use a utility knife to remove the last 2-3cm of the container and throw away the base.
  3. Step 3 Ritaglia un'apertura a "U" per il tuo viso.
    Draw a curve at the front of the bottle using a marker.Hold the bottle upside down and make sure the edges of the opening fit snugly against your face, from your temples to your chin.Check that there are 12-15 cm between the chin and the neck of the bottle;Make an incision along the drawn line using a utility knife.
    • Create a smaller opening than you think is necessary, you can always widen it later.
    • The bottle should fit snugly against your face to prevent gases from reaching your eyes.
  4. Step 4 Realizza una guarnizione protettiva attorno al viso utilizzando un rullo di gommapiuma.
    Glue a 2-3cm thick strip of foam along the edge of the opening to ensure a tight seal.This detail prevents pollutants from entering the container and, therefore, into the eyes or nose.Proceed slowly during this phase, trying the mask several times to make sure it adheres well to your face.
    • You can buy foam at a hardware store or online.
    • If you can't get this material, apply several layers of duct tape or strips of fabric from an old t-shirt along the edges.
  5. Step 5 Togli gli elastici da una mascherina da ospedale.
    Cut them near the base, as you will need them later to put on the mask.
  6. Step 6 Fissa gli elastici alla maschera usando dei punti metallici.
    Attach them at eye level to keep the protection close to your face without having to use your hands.
  7. Step 7 Spingi il resto della mascherina da ospedale sul fondo della bottiglia.
    Since it acts as a filter, you should choose an N95 model against particulates (available online and in medical supply stores).
    • Seal the edges of the mask to the inside walls of the bottle using glue, to prevent polluted air from filtering through.
  8. Step 8 Indossa la tua nuova maschera antigas.
    Attach it to your head, checking that there are no holes in the insulating material that could let pollutants pass through;also remember to remove the bottle cap to be able to inhale.
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Part 2
Part 2 of 3:

Making a Gas Mask Filter

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  1. Step 1 Fissa un dispositivo artigianale di filtrazione alla maschera per proteggerti da alcuni gas.
    While certainly not comparable to military protection, this protection can keep you safe from some toxins, as well as dusty substances such as tear gas.
  2. Step 2 Taglia la parte superiore di una bottiglia da un litro.
    Use a utility knife to turn the bottle into a cylinder with an open end;You can use any type of plastic bottle, but the two-liter bottle is usually too large and bulky.
  3. Step 3 Riempi la base del cilindro con 7-10 cm di carbone attivo.
    This substance is able to absorb fumes and gases present in the air, transforming itself into an effective barrier.While not 100% perfect, such a filter can eliminate chlorine and carbon-based chemicals.
  4. Step 4 Ritaglia il fondo di un'altra bottiglia da un litro.
    It should have the same dimensions as the previous one;eliminate the last 3-5 cm from the bottom trying to keep as much of the rest as possible.
    • Do not remove the cap.
  5. Step 5 Riempi la parte superiore della bottiglia con 7-10 cm di imbottitura per cuscini.
    This material traps particulates such as dust, ash or tear gas;alternatively, use strips of fabric from an old t-shirt, socks or cotton balls.
    • Slide the bottles into each other and secure them with tape.If you used identical containers, you can fit them together perfectly creating a secure seal;use tape to prevent them from separating.You just made the filter!
  6. Step 6 Pratica 6-7 fori nell'estremità con il carbone attivo non appena sei pronto a usare il filtro.
    To do this, use a utility knife and cut some openings for air to pass through.
    • If left uncovered, activated carbon absorbs moisture from the air and becomes useless, so only drill holes when you need to use the filter.
  7. Step 7 Usa un tubo di gomma per collegare il fondo della maschera al filtro.
    The simplest method to join the two elements is to use an old vacuum cleaner hose.Wash it thoroughly with soapy water and secure the two ends to the mask and filter using tape.
    • Since activated carbon becomes unusable when it absorbs moisture from the air, only remove the cap from the filter when you need to use it.[1]
  8. Step 8 Sostituisci il carbone attivo dopo ogni utilizzo.
    Once the contaminants and moisture have been absorbed, it loses all its effectiveness, as it is "used up";replace it every time you use it or expose it to the air for a long time.
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Part 3
Part 3 of 3:

Managing Exposure to Gases and Chemicals

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  1. Step 1 Copri il naso e la bocca con una maglietta se non hai niente di meglio.
    Fabric can protect you from larger particles, such as dust or tear gas, although not perfectly.Try to create a near-airtight seal by pressing the shirt to your face with both hands.
    • Bandanas, towels and blankets offer similar protection in an emergency.
    • A simple piece of fabric can save your life from the dust and ash generated by a volcanic eruption.
  2. Step 2 Chiama immediatamente il centro antiveleni.
    If you or another person feels dizzy, nauseated, has seizures, or loses consciousness after inhaling a chemical, make a note of the substance and call your local health care facility right away.
    • You can find the list of poison control centers here link.
  3. Step 3 Vai subito all'aria fresca.
    If you are able to move (or the victim is), try to get outdoors as quickly as possible, away from the source of the chemical.
  4. Step 4 Muovi le vittime incoscienti mettendole su un fianco e con il volto rivolto verso il basso.
    This is the "safe position" and involves the person lying on their side using their top leg as a prop.Make sure your mouth is facing downwards, so that you can easily expel vomit and any other substance;wait for help and follow the operators' instructions.
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Advice

  • Check that the mask, filter and tube are well sealed and tight to avoid inhaling contaminated air.
  • You can soak a bandana in vinegar to quickly protect yourself from tear gas, although the effectiveness of this remedy is still debated by some scientists.
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Warnings

  • The handcrafted mask described in this article Not it is to be considered as a valid alternative to military ones and has limited effectiveness.
  • Remember to replace the activated carbon filter after each use, because once the toxins have been absorbed it becomes useless.
  • Some substances, such as organophosphates (for example Sarin), are absorbed by the skin as well as through breathing, consequently the mask is ineffective.
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