How to Refine Gold

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Knowing how to refine gold can be useful if you want to earn a little more from its sale or if you are a jeweler who wants to learn the process so you can implement it at home.Provided proper precautions are taken, there are many methods for refining gold in small quantities.
Method 1
Method 1 of 6:

Melt Gold

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  1. Step 1 Metti il tuo gioiello o pepita d’oro all’interno di un crogiolo.
    Most crucibles are made of graphite, which allows the vessel to withstand the highest temperatures.
  2. Step 2 Metti il crogiolo su una superficie ignifuga.
  3. Step 3 Fondi l’oro con un cannello ad acetilene.
    Hold the torch flame over the gold until it melts completely.
  4. Step 4 Prendi il crogiolo con le apposite pinze.
  5. Step 5 Dividi l’oro in parti più piccole e lascia che si solidifichino.
    If you're refining small jewelry, like a ring, you can simply melt the gold without grinding it down.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 6:

Add the Acid

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  1. Step 1 Procurati il recipiente adatto.
    • As for the size of the container, you will need 300 ml of capacity for every 31.10 g of gold to be refined.
    • Use very thick plastic buckets or borosilicate glass containers.
  2. Step 2 Indossa l’attrezzatura protettiva.
    • Wear rubber gloves to protect your hands.Wear gloves whenever handling the chemicals mentioned in this article.
    • Wear a rubber apron to protect your clothes.
    • Wear protective glasses to protect your eyes.
    • Also wear a mask to protect yourself from toxic fumes.
  3. Step 3 Metti il recipiente all’esterno in una zona ben ventilata.
    Reactions between acids in the aqua regia process produce extremely dangerous toxic fumes.
  4. Step 4 Versa 30 ml di acido nitrico per ogni 31,10 g d’oro nel recipiente.
    Let the acid react with the gold for 30 minutes.
  5. Step 5 Aggiungi 120 ml di acido cloridrico o muriatico per ogni 31,10 g d’oro nel recipiente.
    Let the solution rest overnight, so that the fumes disperse.
  6. Step 6 Versa l’acido in un altro contenitore.
    • Make sure that no mineral fragments are siphoned off with the acid, as this could contaminate the gold.
    • The acid should have taken on an emerald green color.If it turns cloudy, purify it with a Büchner filter.
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Method 3
Method 3 of 6:

Add the Urea and the Precipitant

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  1. Step 1 Scalda 1 litro d’acqua con l’aggiunta di 450 g di urea.
    Bring the solution to a boil.
  2. Step 2 Aggiungi gradualmente la miscela acqua/urea all’acido.
    • The acid will start to boil.Add the water/urea mixture slowly, so that the acid does not overflow the container.
    • The water/urea mixture neutralizes nitric acid but not hydrochloric acid.
  3. Step 3 Aggiungi un agente precipitante per l’oro in 1 litro d’acqua bollente, seguendo le indicazioni per l’uso del prodotto.
    • In general, you should add 31.10 g of precipitant for every 31.10 g of gold.
    • Avoid putting your face close to the container;the smell of the solution is very pungent.
  4. Step 4 Aggiungi lentamente la soluzione acqua/precipitante all’acido.
    • The acid will take on a cloudy brown hue, caused by the separation of the gold particles.
    • Wait 30 minutes to give the precipitant solution time to take effect.
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Method 4
Method 4 of 6:

Analyze Acid for Gold

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  1. Step 1 Immergi un’ansa nella soluzione acida.
  2. Step 2 Versa una goccia di soluzione su un tovagliolo di carta.
  3. Step 3 Versa una goccia di liquido reagente per l’individuazione di metalli preziosi sulla macchia d’acido.
    If the latter turns purple, it means that you will have to leave the precipitant to act for a little longer.
  4. Step 4 Una volta separato dalle particelle d’oro, versa l’acido in un recipiente pulito.
    • The acid should have taken on an amber hue and a sort of sludge should be visible at the bottom of the container.
    • Do not discard this slime along with the acid.This is pure gold!
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Method 5
Method 5 of 6:

Clean the Gold

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  1. Step 1 Versa dell’acqua di rubinetto all’interno del contenitore.
    Stir and wait for the gold to settle back to the bottom.
  2. Step 2 Versa l’acqua all’interno del recipiente dove hai versato l’acido.
  3. Step 3 Risciacqua l’oro per altre tre o quattro volte scartando l’acqua in eccesso.
  4. Step 4 Risciacqua l’oro con dell’ammoniaca.
    You will see white vapors exhaling from the gold.Be sure to wear glasses and avoid inhaling these fumes.
  5. Step 5 Risciacqua l’oro con dell’acqua distillata.
  6. Step 6 Versa l’oro in un becher abbastanza capiente.
    Discard the distilled water so that only the gold remains.
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Method 6
Method 6 of 6:

Replenish the Gold

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  1. Step 1 Metti il becher su una piastra elettrica.
    Turn on the hotplate and let the beaker heat up slowly to prevent it from shattering.
  2. Step 2 Continua a scaldare l’oro finché non assume una consistenza simile a quella della polvere.
  3. Step 3 Versa l’oro su dei tovaglioli di carta disposti a strati.
    Wrap the gold in handkerchiefs and immerse it in alcohol.
  4. Step 4 Metti l’oro in un crogiolo di grafite e fondilo.
    The compound will take on a completely different appearance, becoming 99% pure gold if you have followed the procedure correctly.
  5. Step 5 Versa l’oro in uno stampo per lingotti.
    You can now go to a jeweler to sell your gold if you wish.
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Advice

  • Refining gold before selling it can make you much more money.
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Warnings

  • Find out about the laws regarding the use of those chemicals that you will use in the gold refining process.
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Things you will need

  • Gold jewelry or nuggets
  • Graphite crucible
  • Acetylene torch
  • At least 3 thick plastic buckets or borosilicate glass containers
  • Rubber gloves
  • Rubber apron
  • Goggles
  • Face mask
  • Nitric acid
  • Hydrochloric or muriatic acid
  • Urea
  • Precipitating agent for gold
  • Handle
  • Paper napkins
  • Reagent liquid for the identification of precious metals
  • Ammonia
  • Distilled water
  • Glass beakers
  • Electric plate
  • Ingot mold
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